Pratique Vétérinaire Equine

Pratique Vétérinaire Equine n° - p. 1-2

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Pratique Vétérinaire Equine n° - p. 13-16
In horses, the etiology of fever can be of infectious (the most frequent), neoplasic or inflammatory origin, or be immune-mediated. From a practical point of view, in order to localize the problem and determine its nature, a case suffering from fever should be examined following 5 successive steps: 1. clinical history; 2. clinical examination; 3. thorough examination of the affected system(s); 4. ancillary clinical exams; 5. laboratory ancillary tests.
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Pratique Vétérinaire Equine n° - p. 17-21
Laboratory diagnostic tests are often required to confirm the nature, chronicity and anatomical location of problems causing fever. They may also help to establish the prognosis and treatment plan that is likely to be effective. The laboratory tests used for the diagnostic workup of horses with fever will vary based on the differential diagnosis established after obtaining a complete case history and a thorough physical examination. The minimum laboratory database includes a CBC, a blood biochemistry profile, cytology of abdominal fluid, serologic examination, fecal (Salmonella spp) and blood cultures. Other commonly used diagnostic tests in these cases will also be discussed.
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Pratique Vétérinaire Equine n° - p. 23-28
Hyperthermia is a common clinical sign in horses, but, as for other species, it is not very specific. It should be known that, even though fever as some deleterious effects, it is a weapon of the organism to fight against disease. Thus it is essential to determine the origin of hyperthermia before treating. Fever responds well to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can be associated with corporal cooling and supportive treatments. On the contrary, heat stroke can be prevented by different ways such as acclimation, hydration and pre-cooling, but does not respond to NSAIDs. Thus, the nature of the hyperthermia is the principal factor of choice for its treatment.
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Pratique Vétérinaire Equine n° - p. 29-35
In autumn 2002 (between 17 October and 31November), 67 grazing horses (located in 34 french area) suffered a prostrating illness caused by a myopathy and died (56/67) within 12 to 72 h. They were suspected to developed atypical myoglobinuria according to clinical and epidemiological investigations and were registrated by the French national Network for epidemiological surveillance of Equine Diseases (Respe). Although several outbreaks were described in others european countries (England, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, Denmark, Lettony), it was the first description in France. Horses were found recumbent, unable to move or to stand up. They were presenting stiffness, sweating, tachycardia, polypnea and died rapidly. Serum biochemical abnormalities (elevated muscle and hepatic enzymes) and myoglobinury were demonstrated. The affected horses were mainly young and permanent grazing horses. A number of potential aetiological and contributory factors (vegetal poisoning, mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, etc.) were considered, but the aetiology remains unresolved.
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Pratique Vétérinaire Equine n° - p. 37-45

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Pratique Vétérinaire Equine n° - p. 47-57
A study of the correlation between radiographic lesions of osteochondrosis in foals at weaning and zootechnical, biochemical and endocrinological parameters measured in mares and their offspring was undertaken in 1999 and 2000 at a stud in Normandy. A group of radiographically sound foals were compared to a group of foals presenting with osteochrondritic lesions. Statistically significant differences were noted: compared to foals with osteochondrosis, radiographically sound foals were heavier and larger at birth, had higher serum-immunoglobulin G levels two days after birth, and were born to mares that had lower postprandial blood-insulin surges during gestation.
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Pratique Vétérinaire Equine n° - p. 59-62

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Pratique Vétérinaire Equine n° - p. 7-12
In horses temperature regulation has been proven to be a safe and efficient way to control the body core temperature within a small reference range and despite tremendous variations in the external environnement. This mechanism is supported by the central nervous system via the hypothalamus. Several physiological factors act on body core temperature like climate, stress and exercise. Failure to regulate the central temperature leads to hyperthermia or fever which have different causes and pathogenic mechanisms. Hyperthermia can occur from increased heat production or absorption, or from impairment of heat loss whereas fever during disease results from a complex interaction of multiple cytokines that act systematically and in the central nervous system. Consequently, therapeutic measures are completely different. Adverse effects of hyperthermia and fever include a catabolic metabolic state and for extreme temperatures lead to thermal shock.
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